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작성자,작성일,첨부파일,조회수로 작성된 표
미래 스마트 축산 위한 기술 개발(Technology Developed for the Future of Smart Livestock Farming)
작성자 대외홍보센터 작성일 2026-08-11
조회수 440
작성자,작성일,첨부파일,조회수로 작성된 표
미래 스마트 축산 위한 기술 개발(Technology Developed for the Future of Smart Livestock Farming)
대외홍보센터 2026-08-11 440

‘빛으로 움직이는 마이크로니들’ 국립부경대 연구진, 미래형 축산 위한 원격 주사 소프트 로봇 개발
- 김대석 교수팀…재료화학 국제학술지 ‘Advanced Functional Materials’ 게재

△ 연구 이미지. 스냅스루 액정엘라스토머-마이크로니들 장치 구동 원리 및 스마트 축산 활용 예시.

 

국립부경대학교 공동연구팀이 빛에 반응하는 부드러운 소재로 순간적으로 강한 힘을 발생시켜 마이크로니들(미세 바늘)을 피부에 삽입하는 새로운 소프트 액추에이터 기술을 개발해 주목받고 있다.

국립부경대 고분자공학전공 김대석 교수와 이채원 석사과정생, 휴먼바이오융합전공 박승현 교수와 김난경 석·박사통합과정생 공동연구팀은 빛에 반응하는 액정 엘라스토머(LCE)와 자석, 스냅스루(snap-through) 구조를 결합한 고출력 원격 마이크로니들 구동 시스템 개발에 성공했다.

 


△ (왼쪽부터) 김대석 교수, 박승현 교수, 이채원 석사과정생, 김난경 석·박사 통합과정생.


액정 엘라스토머는 고무처럼 부드러우면서도 빛이나 열과 같은 외부 자극을 받으면 스스로 모양을 바꿀 수 있어 소프트 로봇과 인공근육의 핵심 소재로 주목받고 있다. 다만 기존 액정 엘라스토머는 변형이 비교적 천천히 진행되고 순간적으로 큰 힘을 내기 어렵다는 한계가 있었다.

연구진은 이를 해결하기 위해 뒤집힌 우산이나 헤어핀처럼 에너지를 축적한 구조가 임계점을 넘는 순간 ‘찰칵’하며 빠르게 반전되는 스냅스루 현상을 활용했다.

빛에 반응하는 아조벤젠 기반 액정 엘라스토머를 활처럼 휘어진 아치 형태로 제작하고 자외선을 조사하자, 소재 내부의 분자 배열 변화로 탄성에너지가 축적된 뒤 구조가 순식간에 뒤집히며 빠른 움직임을 발생시켰다.

연구진은 여기에 영구자석의 인력을 결합해 스냅스루가 일어나는 문턱을 낮추고 저장된 에너지가 더욱 빠르고 강하게 방출되도록 설계했다. 빛만으로 구동했을 때 초당 약 140㎜였던 최대 속도는 자석을 결합한 뒤 초당 약 332㎜까지 증가했으며, 최대 구동력도 약 14.6배 향상됐다.

이는 자석이 장치를 단독으로 움직이는 방식이 아니라, 빛에 의해 변형된 액정 엘라스토머가 임계점에 접근하면 자기력이 마지막 순간의 에너지 방출을 증폭하는 방식이다. 부드러운 소재의 유연성과 원격 제어 능력을 유지하면서도 기존 소프트 액추에이터의 낮은 출력 문제를 구조적으로 극복한 것이다.

연구팀은 개발한 액추에이터에 미세하고 정밀한 고분자 마이크로니들을 결합해 피부 삽입 성능도 확인했다. 빛을 비추면 아치 구조가 순간적으로 아래쪽으로 뒤집히며 마이크로니들에 순간적으로 강한 충격을 전달하는 원리다.

실험 결과, 마이크로니들은 피부를 모사한 젤라틴 구조물뿐 아니라 실제 돼지 피부 조직에도 성공적으로 삽입됐다. 돼지 피부에서는 평균 약 364㎛(마이크로미터) 깊이까지 도달했으며, 약물을 모사한 형광 물질이 삽입 부위 주변으로 전달되는 모습도 확인됐다. 마이크로니들의 길이와 배열 개수를 조절해 삽입 깊이와 물질의 확산 면적을 조절할 수 있다는 점도 확인했다.

이번 기술은 가축의 건강 상태를 센서로 감지하는 데 머물렀던 기존 스마트 축산 시스템을 넘어, 필요한 순간 실제 처치까지 수행하는 ‘행동하는 스마트 축산’의 가능성을 제시한 것으로 평가받는다. 향후 재사용 가능한 액정 엘라스토머-자석 모듈과 교체형 마이크로니들 카트리지를 결합하면 자동화된 정밀 처치 시스템으로 확장할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

김대석 교수는 “이번 연구는 빛에 의해 발생하는 작은 분자 수준의 변형을 스냅스루 구조와 자기력으로 증폭해 강한 기계적 충격으로 전환한 것이 핵심”이라며, “향후 스마트 축산뿐 아니라 웨어러블 의료기기, 바이오인터페이스, 소프트 로봇 등 정밀하고 원격 제어가 필요한 다양한 분야에 활용될 것으로 기대한다.”라고 밝혔다.

이번 연구 결과를 담은 논문 ‘Snap-Through-Driven Liquid Crystal Elastomers for High-Power Remote Microneedle Actuation toward Smart Livestock Systems’는 재료과학 분야 세계적 국제학술지인 『Advanced Functional Materials』(IF: 19.9)에 8월 7일 온라인 게재됐다. <부경투데이>

 

Pukyong National University Researchers Develop Light-Activated Microneedle Soft Robot for Remote Injection in Future Smart Livestock Farming

- Professor Dae-Seok Kim’s Team Publishes Findings in the International Materials Chemistry Journal Advanced Functional Materials

 

A joint research team at Pukyong National University has developed a new soft actuator technology that generates a rapid, powerful force from a light-responsive soft material to insert microneedles into the skin.

 

The research team, led by Professor Dae-Seok Kim and master’s student Chae-Won Lee of the Major of Polymer Engineering, together with Professor Seung-Hyun Park and integrated master’s and doctoral student Nan-Kyung Kim of the Major of Human Bio-Convergence, successfully developed a high-output remote microneedle actuation system that combines a light-responsive liquid crystal elastomer (LCE), magnets, and a snap-through structure.

 

Liquid crystal elastomers are soft and flexible like rubber yet can change their shape in response to external stimuli such as light or heat, making them promising key materials for soft robots and artificial muscles. However, conventional liquid crystal elastomers have limitations in that they deform relatively slowly and have difficulty generating large amounts of force instantaneously.

 

To overcome these limitations, the researchers utilized the snap-through phenomenon, in which a structure that stores elastic energy―like an inverted umbrella or a bent hairpin―suddenly “snaps” into a reversed configuration once it reaches a critical point.

 

The researchers fabricated an azobenzene-based liquid crystal elastomer that responds to light in a bow-shaped arch structure. When exposed to ultraviolet light, changes in the molecular alignment within the material caused elastic energy to accumulate. Once the stored energy reached a critical level, the structure rapidly snapped through, generating fast motion.

 

The team then incorporated the attractive force of permanent magnets to lower the threshold for snap-through and enable the stored energy to be released more rapidly and powerfully. The maximum speed, which was approximately 140 mm per second when driven by light alone, increased to approximately 332 mm per second after the magnets were incorporated. The maximum actuation force also increased by approximately 14.6 times.

 

This does not mean that the magnets drive the device on their own. Rather, as the light-deformed liquid crystal elastomer approaches its critical point, magnetic force amplifies the final release of stored energy. In this way, the system structurally overcomes the low-output limitations of conventional soft actuators while preserving the flexibility and remote controllability of soft materials.

 

The research team also combined the developed actuator with fine, precisely fabricated polymer microneedles and verified their skin insertion performance. When exposed to light, the arch-shaped structure rapidly snaps downward, delivering a strong instantaneous impact to the microneedles and driving them into the skin.

 

Experiments showed that the microneedles were successfully inserted not only into gelatin structures designed to mimic skin, but also into actual pig skin tissue. In the pig skin, the microneedles reached an average depth of approximately 364 μm (micrometers), and a fluorescent substance used to simulate a drug was observed spreading around the insertion sites. The researchers also confirmed that the insertion depth and diffusion area of the substance could be controlled by adjusting the length and number of microneedles in the array.

 

The technology is considered to open up the possibility of “active smart livestock farming,” moving beyond conventional smart livestock systems that primarily monitor animal health through sensors to systems capable of performing actual treatment when needed. In the future, combining a reusable liquid crystal elastomer?magnet module with replaceable microneedle cartridges could enable the technology to be expanded into an automated precision treatment system.

 

Professor Dae-Seok Kim said, “The key to this study is that small molecular-scale deformations induced by light are amplified through a snap-through structure and magnetic force, converting them into a strong mechanical impact.” He added, “We expect this technology to find applications not only in smart livestock farming, but also in a wide range of fields requiring precise and remote control, including wearable medical devices, biointerfaces, and soft robotics.”

 

The paper presenting the research findings, titled “Snap-Through-Driven Liquid Crystal Elastomers for High-Power Remote Microneedle Actuation toward Smart Livestock Systems,” was published online on August 7 in 『Advanced Functional Materials』(IF: 19.9), a leading international journal in the field of materials science. <Pukyong Today>