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작성자,작성일,첨부파일,조회수로 작성된 표
학교 수 변화의 공간적 불일치 연구, SSCI 국제학술지 게재(Study on Spatial Mismatch in Changes in the Number of Schools Published in SSCI-Indexed International Journal)
작성자 대외홍보센터 작성일 2026-09-28
조회수 463
작성자,작성일,첨부파일,조회수로 작성된 표
학교 수 변화의 공간적 불일치 연구, SSCI 국제학술지 게재(Study on Spatial Mismatch in Changes in the Number of Schools Published in SSCI-Indexed International Journal)
대외홍보센터 2026-09-28 463

학령인구 줄어도 학교 수는 늘어나는 지역 있다
- 국립부경대 연구팀, 전국 228개 기초지자체 10년간 학령인구·학교 수 변화 분석
- 89.47% 지역 학령인구 감소했지만 46.05% 지역은 학교 수 증가…SSCI 국제학술지 게재

△ 연구진 사진. 왼쪽부터 장신위안(Xinyuan Zhang), 양스샹(Shishang Yang), 허균 교수.

학령인구가 전국적으로 감소하고 있지만, 학교 수는 학령인구 변화와 반드시 같은 방향으로 조정되지 않으며 지역별로 상당한 차이가 있다는 연구 결과가 나왔다. 

특히 학령인구가 감소한 지역 가운데 상당수에서 학교 수가 오히려 증가한 것으로 나타나, 저출생 시대의 교육자원 배치가 단순히 학생 수 변화만으로 결정되지 않는 것으로 분석됐다.

국립부경대학교 대학원 교육컨설팅학과 장신위안(Xinyuan Zhang) 박사과정생과 중국 윈청직업기술대학교 양스샹(Shishang Yang), 수해양산업교육과 허균 교수 연구팀은 논문 ‘Spatial mismatch and logical transition of basic education resource allocation in South Korea’를 통해 우리나라 학령인구 변화와 학교 수 조정의 공간적 관계 및 교육자원 배치의 변화 양상을 분석했다.

이 논문은 SSCI 등재 국제학술지인 ‘International Journal of Educational Development’의 2026년 126권 10월호에 게재되었다. 이번 연구는 저출생에 따른 학령인구 감소와 학교 수 변화의 관계를 전국 기초지자체 수준의 장기간 자료와 공간분석을 통해 규명했다.

연구팀은 2014년부터 2024년까지 전국 228개 기초지방자치단체를 대상으로 5~19세의 학령인구와 학교 수의 변화를 분석했다. 통계청과 지역 통계자료를 활용해 장기 변화 추세를 분석하고, 회귀분석과 GIS 기반 공간통계 분석을 적용해 학령인구 변화와 교육자원 배치가 지역별로 어떠한 관계를 보이는지 살폈다.

분석 결과 전국 기초지자체의 89.47%에서 학령인구가 감소한 것으로 나타났지만, 학교 수의 변화는 지역별로 서로 다른 양상을 보였다. 특히 전체 228개 지역 가운데 105개 지역(46.05%)에서는 학령인구가 감소했음에도 학교 수가 증가하는 경향이 나타났다. 이는 저출생 시대의 학교 배치가 단순히 학생 수 변화에 따라 결정되는 것이 아니라 신도시 개발, 산업지역 조성, 인구 이동과 지역개발 정책 등 다양한 요인의 영향을 받고 있음을 보여준다.

이번 연구에서 학령인구와 학교 수가 함께 감소한 지역은 99곳(43.42%)이었고, 학령인구와 학교 수가 모두 증가한 지역은 23곳(10.09%), 학령인구가 증가했음에도 학교 수가 감소한 1곳으로 나타났다.

이번 연구에서 학령인구는 서울 도심 일부 지역과 수도권 주변부에서 감소가 집중되는 반면, 경기도 남부 등 수도권 외곽과 일부 산업도시에서는 상대적으로 높은 증가 양상이 나타났다. 학교 수 역시 수도권과 주요 광역도시 주변에서는 증가 지역이 집중되고, 동부권 및 비수도권 일부 지역에서는 감소 지역이 연속적으로 나타나는 등 이른바 ‘서부 강세·동부 약세(West-Strong, East-Weak)’의 공간적 차이가 확인됐다.

특히 연구팀은 신도시 개발이나 산업시설 이전 등으로 청년·가족 인구가 유입되는 지역에서는 향후 수요를 고려한 선제적 학교 공급이 이뤄지는 반면, 인구가 지속적으로 감소하는 지역에서는 학교 통폐합과 시설 축소가 지역 공동체의 기능 약화와 추가적인 인구 유출로 이어질 가능성이 있다고 분석했다.

허균 교수는 “이번 연구는 전국 228개 기초지자체의 10년간 자료를 활용해 학령인구 변화와 학교 수 조정이 지역별로 반드시 동일한 방향으로 이루어지지 않는다는 점을 실증적으로 확인했다는 데 의미가 있다”라며, “특히 저출생 시대의 교육자원 정책은 단순한 학생 수뿐만 아니라 인구 이동과 지역개발, 산업구조, 학교의 지역사회 기능 등을 종합적으로 고려할 필요가 있음을 보여줬다”고 밝혔다.

장신위안은 ‘Global PKNU 해외대학 교직원 대학원 학위과정’ 프로그램으로 중국에서 국립부경대에 유학 온 이후 연구에 전념해 오고 있다. 2025년도 PhiNX 보호학문 대학원생 연구장려장학금 프로그램과 GPKNU 연구활성화 장학금을 지원받아 KCI 등재 학술지 ‘수산해양교육연구’ 등에 제1저자로 논문을 게재하는 등 지금까지 KCI 논문 2편과 SSCI 1편 등의 연구성과를 거뒀다. 이번 연구에서는 제1저자로 연구의 개념화와 방법론 설계, 자료분석, 시각화 및 논문 작성 등을 주도적으로 수행했다.

양스샹은 중국 윈청직업기술대학교 토목건축대학(College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Yuncheng Vocational and Technical University) 소속 연구자로, 국립부경대 건축학과에서 박사학위를 받았다. 이번 연구에서 교신저자로 참여했다. 연구진은 교육학과 건축·공간분석 분야의 학제 간 접근을 통해 저출생에 따른 학령인구 변화와 학교시설 배치의 공간적 관계를 분석했다.

이번 연구에 공동연구자의 역할로 참여한 허균 교수는 교육공학, AI 기반 교육, 빅데이터 분석, 고급 양적연구방법론 분야를 중심으로 연구를 수행해 왔으며, 대학원생과 신진연구자의 국제 및 국내 학술지 논문 게재를 지도해 왔다. 이번 성과는 국립부경대 학부 수해양산업교육과(학과장 이태호)와 대학원의 교육컨설팅학과 및 수해양인적자원개발학과가 축적해 온 교육학 역량과 건축학 등 다양한 전공 분야의 연구 역량을 결합해 저출생·지역소멸이라는 사회적 문제를 교육자원과 공간분석의 관점에서 규명한 학제 간 연구 사례로 평가된다. <부경투데이>


Some Regions See an Increase in the Number of Schools Despite Declining School-Age Populations

- Pukyong National University research team analyzes changes in school-age populations and school numbers across 228 local governments nationwide over a 10-year period

- School-age populations declined in 89.47% of regions, while the number of schools increased in 46.05% … Findings published in an SSCI-indexed international journal

 

A recent study has found that although school-age populations are declining nationwide, the number of schools does not necessarily change in the same direction, with significant regional disparities.

 

In particular, the number of schools has actually increased in many regions experiencing declining school-age populations, suggesting that the allocation of educational resources in an era of low birth rates is not determined solely by changes in student numbers.

 

A research team comprising Xinyuan Zhang, a doctoral student in the Department of Educational Consulting at Pukyong National University’s Graduate School, Shishang Yang of Yuncheng Vocational and Technical University in China, and Professor Gyun Heo of the Department of Fisheries and Marine Industries Education at Pukyong National University analyzed the spatial relationship between changes in school-age populations and adjustments in the number of schools in South Korea, as well as evolving patterns of educational resource allocation, in their paper titled “Spatial mismatch and logical transition of basic education resource allocation in South Korea.”

 

The paper was published in the October 2026 issue (Volume 126) of International Journal of Educational Development, an international journal indexed in the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). Using long-term data and spatial analysis at the local government level nationwide, the study examined the relationship between declining school-age populations due to low birth rates and changes in the number of schools.

 

The research team analyzed changes in the school-age population, defined as those aged 5 to 19, and the number of schools across 228 local governments in South Korea from 2014 to 2024. Using data from Statistics Korea and regional statistical sources, the researchers examined long-term trends and applied regression analysis and geographic information system (GIS)-based spatial statistical analysis to investigate regional relationships between changes in school-age populations and the allocation of educational resources.

 

The findings revealed that school-age populations declined in 89.47% of local government areas nationwide, while changes in the number of schools varied considerably by region. Notably, 105 of the 228 regions (46.05%) experienced an increase in the number of schools despite declining school-age populations. These findings suggest that school distribution in an era of low birth rates is influenced not simply by changes in student numbers, but also by various factors, including new town development, the establishment of industrial zones, population migration, and regional development policies.

 

The study also found that 99 regions (43.42%) experienced declines in both school-age populations and the number of schools, while 23 regions (10.09%) recorded increases in both. Only one region saw a decrease in the number of schools despite an increase in its school-age population.

 

Spatial analysis revealed that declines in school-age populations were concentrated in parts of central Seoul and the surrounding areas of the Seoul metropolitan region, while relatively strong population growth was observed in the outer metropolitan areas, including southern Gyeonggi Province, and in certain industrial cities. The number of schools also showed distinct spatial patterns, with increases concentrated in the Seoul metropolitan area and around major metropolitan cities, while clusters of declining school numbers appeared in eastern and certain non-metropolitan regions. These findings highlighted a spatial disparity characterized by a “West-Strong, East-Weak” pattern.

 

In particular, the research team found that regions attracting young people and families through new town development or the relocation of industrial facilities tend to establish schools proactively in anticipation of future demand. In contrast, in regions experiencing sustained population decline, school mergers and closures, along with reductions in educational facilities, could weaken local communities and potentially accelerate further population outflows.

 

Professor Gyun Heo said, “The significance of this study lies in its empirical demonstration, based on 10 years of data from 228 local governments nationwide, that changes in school-age populations and adjustments in the number of schools do not necessarily follow the same patterns across regions. In particular, the findings highlight the need for educational resource allocation policies in an era of low birth rates to comprehensively consider not only student numbers but also population migration, regional development, industrial structures, and the role of schools within local communities.”

 

Xinyuan Zhang has been dedicated to research since coming to Pukyong National University from China through the Global PKNU Graduate Degree Program for Faculty and Staff of Overseas Universities. With support from the 2025 PhiNX Graduate Research Encouragement Scholarship Program for the Protection of Academic Disciplines and the GPKNU Research Promotion Scholarship, Zhang has published papers as first author in KCI-indexed journals, including Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education. To date, Zhang has produced two KCI-indexed papers and one SSCI-indexed paper. As the first author of the present study, Zhang took a leading role in research conceptualization, methodology design, data analysis, visualization, and manuscript preparation.

 

Shishang Yang is a researcher at the College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Yuncheng Vocational and Technical University, China, and earned a doctoral degree from the Department of Architecture at Pukyong National University. Yang participated in this study as the corresponding author. Through an interdisciplinary approach combining education, architecture, and spatial analysis, the research team examined the spatial relationship between changes in school-age populations due to low birth rates and the distribution of school facilities.

 

Professor Gyun Heo, who participated as a co-researcher, has conducted research in educational technology, AI-based education, big data analysis, and advanced quantitative research methodologies. He has also mentored graduate students and early-career researchers in publishing papers in domestic and international academic journals. This achievement is regarded as a notable example of interdisciplinary research that combines the educational expertise developed by Pukyong National University’s undergraduate Department of Fisheries and Marine Industries Education (Department Chair Tae-Ho Lee) and its graduate Department of Educational Consulting and Department of Fisheries and Marine Human Resources Development with research expertise from diverse disciplines, including architecture. By integrating these fields, the study sheds light on the social challenges of low birth rates and regional depopulation from the perspectives of educational resource allocation and spatial analysis. <Pukyong Today>